Acne is a skin problem that occurs when skin pores, specifically hair follicles, become clogged with dirt, dust, oil, or dead skin cells. As a result, inflammation occurs in these pores and may also be accompanied by infection. Acne often appears on the face, neck, back, or chest.
Acne is also known as acne vulgaris. This skin problem can affect anyone, but it typically first appears during puberty, between the ages of 10 and 18. Acne tends to be more severe in teenage boys and people with oily skin types. Acne is a very common skin problem, especially in people aged 11 to 30 years. In fact, almost everyone has experienced acne at some point.
Causes and Symptoms of Acne
Acne is caused by blockages in the skin pores, specifically at the hair roots (hair follicles). In hair follicles, there are oil glands (sebaceous glands) that normally produce oil (sebum) to maintain moisture and protect the skin.
Acne occurs if the oil exit channels become blocked due to excessive oil production, accumulation of dead skin cells, or bacterial infection.
Acne appears as blackheads or bumps on skin areas that have many hair follicles, such as the face, inside the nose, neck, shoulders, chest, and back. The shape and size of acne depend on its severity, ranging from blackheads or whiteheads, small red bumps (papules and pustules), to large pus-filled bumps (cysts).
Blackheads usually do not cause pain. Conversely, acne in the form of large bumps can be painful to the touch. Sometimes, acne can also appear on the forehead.
Treatment and Prevention of Acne
Acne treatment is adjusted to the severity of the condition. Acne treatment is divided into two types: medication to treat or eliminate acne and aesthetic therapy to help treat acne and improve skin appearance.
Acne medications can include topical treatments containing tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide, isotretinoin, oral antibiotics, and hormone therapy.
Meanwhile, aesthetic therapy for acne can include chemical peels, laser therapy, and comedone extraction. Laser therapy and microdermabrasion can also be performed to treat acne scars.
Ways to prevent acne include regularly cleaning the face, body, and hair using appropriate facial cleansers, body wash, or shampoo for your skin or hair type. Acne can also be prevented by using non-comedogenic skincare and cosmetic products, adopting a healthy diet, and managing stress well.
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